{"id":73,"date":"2011-02-16T09:44:18","date_gmt":"2011-02-16T09:44:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.demirel.web.tr\/?p=73"},"modified":"2021-09-08T12:20:25","modified_gmt":"2021-09-08T12:20:25","slug":"grub-hatalarina-genel-bir-bakis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/demirel.web.tr\/?p=73","title":{"rendered":"Grub Hatalar\u0131na Genel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Grub hatalar\u0131n\u0131 bilirsiniz. Bazen yeni bir kurulum yapm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u0131zd\u0131r ya da sistem g\u00fcncellemi\u015fsinizdir. Bilgisayar\u0131 yeniden ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda hi\u00e7 beklemedi\u011finiz hatalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilirsiniz. Bu yaz\u0131da sizlere genel grub hatalar\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerini ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131 anlataca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n

1. Grub loading, please wait\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

GRUB loading stage 1.5<\/p>\n

GRUB loading, please wait\u2026<\/p>\n

Durum<\/p>\n

Bu mesajdan sonra, sistem durur. E\u011fer bir a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f disketi kullanarak sistemi y\u00fcklemeyi deniyorsan\u0131z, sorun olabilir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/p>\n

BIOS\u2019ta ki a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 ilk s\u0131rada disket s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc olmayacak \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n

2. Grub 12 Hatas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

12 : Invalid device requested.
\nDurum<\/p>\n

Bu hata e\u011fer ayg\u0131t dizelerinin s\u00f6zdizimi do\u011fru, fakat ondan ba\u015fka bir hata taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlanmayan bir hata meydana gelirse d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/p>\n

Etkile\u015fimli komutlar\u0131 kullanarak \u00f6n y\u00fckleyicinize grub kurdu\u011funuzda, grub komut sat\u0131r\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki iki sat\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131?<\/p>\n

grub> root (hd0,0)
\ngrub> setup (hd0)<\/em><\/p>\n

(hd0,0) se\u00e7ti\u011finiz hard disk (hd0) ve \u00f6n y\u00fckleme diskiniz ile yer de\u011fi\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n

3. Grub 15 Hatas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Durum
\nBu hata GRUB yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131n iki farkl\u0131 durumunda meydana gelebilir: ya ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 boyunca (MBR i\u00e7indeki GRUB kurulumu) ya da sistem y\u00fcklendikten ve Linux \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra (ya da herhangi di\u011fer giri\u015f).<\/p>\n

Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/p>\n

grub> root (hd0,0)
\nFilesystem type is xfs, partition type 0\u00d783<\/p>\n

grub> setup (hd0)
\nChecking if \u201c\/boot\/grub\/stage1\u2033 exists\u2026 no
\nChecking if \u201c\/grub\/stage1\u2033 exists\u2026 no<\/p>\n

Error 15: File not found<\/p>\n

Bir giri\u015f y\u00fckleniyorken<\/p>\n

Booting \u2018Pardus Linux\u2019<\/p>\n

root (hd0,0)
\nFilesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0\u00d783
\nkernel (hd0,0)\/boot\/kernel-2.6.37 root=\/dev\/hda3 vga=792<\/p>\n

Error 15: File not found
\nPress any key to continue\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u2013 Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/p>\n

Bu hata e\u011fer belirtilen dosya ad\u0131 bulunamazsa d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ve bundan ba\u015fka her\u015fey TAMAM\u2019d\u0131r (disk\/b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme bilgisi gibi)<\/p>\n

S\u0131kl\u0131kla, hata kay\u0131p bir kernel image dosyas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret eder. Boot b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fczde ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu dosyan\u0131n var oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\n

Kernel\u2019inizin tam ad\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in, kurulum CD\u2019den y\u00fckleyin, root ve (e\u011fer uygulanabilirse) boot b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinizi ba\u011flay\u0131n. Sonra, sahip oldu\u011funuz kernel image\u2019lerinin ne oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in mevcut dosyalar\u0131 listeyin ve sisteminizde chroot yap\u0131n.<\/p>\n

Kernel image varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulama<\/p>\n

# cd \/boot
\n# ls<\/p>\n

Bu boot b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fczde sahip oldu\u011funuz t\u00fcm kernel\u2019leri listeleyecektir. E\u011fer kernel\u2019iniz kay\u0131psa, derlenmi\u015f bir kernel\u2019in oldu\u011funa emin olun (genkernel kullanarak ya da manuel)<\/p>\n

Kernel\u2019i yeniden derleme<\/p>\n

# cd \/usr\/src\/linux\/
\n# make menuconfig
\n# make<\/p>\n

Ve boot b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcze onu kopyalay\u0131n<\/p>\n

# cp \/usr\/src\/linux\/arch\/i386\/boot\/bzImage \/boot<\/p>\n

grub.conf dosyas\u0131 i\u00e7inde tam olarak ayn\u0131 kernelin oldu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n. Ayn\u0131 zamanda grub.conf i\u00e7indeki kernel sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n o b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u015faret etti\u011fine emin olun.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir hata grub ya da kernel a\u015famalar\u0131nda diski g\u00f6zard\u0131 eden bir BIOS\u2019a sahip olmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u2013 Bir giri\u015f y\u00fckleniyorken<\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak, root ve setup sat\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

grub-install kullanarak<\/p>\n

(\u2013root-directory e\u011fer ayr\u0131 bir boot kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z ihtiya\u00e7 duyulur, aksi takdirde bo\u015f b\u0131rakmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z)<\/p>\n

# grub-install \u2013root-directory=\/boot \/dev\/hda<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015fsa, boot b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz bozuk olabilir. Hatalar kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kontrol edin.<\/p>\n

Hatalara kar\u015f\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kontrol etme<\/p>\n

# fsck -y \/dev\/hda1<\/p>\n

4. Grub 17 Hatas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

root (hd0,0)
\nfilesystem type unknown partition type 0\u00d77<\/p>\n

Error 17 : Cannot mount selected partition<\/p>\n

Durum<\/p>\n

Bu hata e\u011fer istenilen b\u00f6l\u00fcm mevcutsa d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, fakat dosya sistemi t\u00fcr\u00fc GRUB taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/p>\n

grub.conf dosyas\u0131ndaki root(x,y) ayarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol etti\u011finize emin olun.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 zamanda, e\u011fer Windows a\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, grub.conf dosyan\u0131zda root (hdX,Y) oldu\u011funa emin olun (ya da rootnoverify (hdX,Y)) ve chainloader (hdX,Y)+1<\/p>\n

5. Grub 18 Hatas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

kernel (hd1,4)\/bzImage root=\/dev\/hdb7<\/p>\n

Error 18: Selected cylinder exceeds max supported by BIOS<\/p>\n

Durum<\/p>\n

Bu hata BIOS okuma alan\u0131n\u0131n sonunun \u00f6tesinde do\u011frusal bir blok adresi okumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu genellikle diskleriniz BIOS\u2019un eri\u015febildi\u011finden daha b\u00fcy\u00fckse olur (eski makineler \u00fczerindeki (E)IDE diskler i\u00e7in 512 MB ya da genelde 8 GB\u2019den daha fazla).<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/p>\n

Boot b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc \u00f6ne ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131n ve\/veya BIOS\u2019unuzu g\u00fcncellemeyi deneyin.<\/p>\n

6. GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB
\nGRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB GRUB
\n\u2026<\/p>\n

Durum
\nBu hata disklerinizi otomatik olarak tan\u0131yan bir bios\u2019a sahip olman\u0131z y\u00fcz\u00fcnden olabilir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir olas\u0131l\u0131k yanl\u0131\u015f kurulum ve root komutlar\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile kurulmu\u015f bir GRUB olabilir ve o zaman yeniden kurmay\u0131 deneyin (\u00f6rne\u011fin hard disk de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden).<\/p>\n

7. Probing Devices to Guess BIOS Drives. This May Take a Long Time.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Durum
\nGrub\u2019u kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorken, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131n g\u00f6steriminden sonra kesilir<\/p>\n

# grub<\/p>\n

Probing Devices to Guess BIOS Drives. This May Take a Long Time. (BIOS s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerini tahmin etmek i\u00e7in ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 inceleme. Bu biraz zaman alabilir)<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/p>\n

Bir kablo \u00fczerindeki ultra\/ultra olmayan DMA diskler gibi disk ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fig\u00fczel yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n

8. When Installing Grub, It Just Hangs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Grub kuruluyorken, kilitlenir:<\/p>\n

# grub<\/p>\n

Bu a\u015famada kurulum durur<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/p>\n

E\u011fer bir disket s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcye sahip de\u011filseniz, \u2013no-flopy parametresini  kullanmad\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131?<\/p>\n

\u2013no-floppy parametresi kullanarak grub\u2019u kurma<\/p>\n

# grub \u2013no-floppy<\/p>\n

9. Uncompressing Linux\u2026 Ok, booting the kernel.<\/strong>
\nDurum<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclendikten sonra sistem kilitlenir:<\/p>\n

Uncompressing Linux\u2026 Ok, booting the kernel.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, bu grub hatas\u0131 de\u011fil. Bir olas\u0131 sebep, ACPI do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor; fakat kernel i\u00e7inde aktif. Kernel i\u00e7inde ya da bios i\u00e7inde onu kapatmay\u0131 deneyin.<\/p>\n

10. Grub Just Shows a Grub Prompt<\/strong><\/p>\n

Durum
\nSistem a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yorken, grub.conf dosyas\u0131 i\u00e7inde tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z giri\u015flerin bir listesi yerine bir grub komut sat\u0131r\u0131 al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/p>\n

E\u011fer grub\/grub.conf dosyas\u0131 mevcutsa boot b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc do\u011frulay\u0131n ve ba\u011flay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

# mount \/dev\/hda1 \/mnt\/boot
\n# cat \/mnt\/boot\/grub\/grub.conf<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 zamanda menu.lst sembolik ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funa emin olun.<\/p>\n

# ls -l \/mnt\/boot\/grub\/menu.lst
\nlrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 9 Mar  7 14:00 \/mnt\/boot\/grub\/menu.lst -> grub.conf<\/p>\n

E\u011fer de\u011filse, sembolik ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 yeniden olu\u015fturun.<\/p>\n

# cd \/mnt\/boot\/grub
\n# ln -snf grub.conf menu.lst<\/p>\n

Bu durumda, grub\u2019u yeniden kurun<\/p>\n

(chroot ortam\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n)<\/p>\n

# grub-install \u2013root-directory=\/boot \/dev\/hda<\/p>\n

11. Could Not Find Device For \/boot\/boot: Not Found Or Not a Block Device<\/strong><\/p>\n

Durum
\nGRUB kurulumu boyunca grub-install \u00e7al\u0131\u015fr\u0131yorken, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hatay\u0131 al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n

# grub-install \u2013root-directory=\/boot \/dev\/hda
\nCould not find device for \/boot\/boot: not found or not a block device<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakini unutmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol edin:<\/p>\n

mtab dosyas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncelleme<\/p>\n

# grep -v rootfs \/proc\/mounts > \/etc\/mtab<\/p>\n

12. The System Reboots After Hitting Return At The Grub Menu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Durum<\/p>\n

Sistem y\u00fckleme boyunca Grub men\u00fcs\u00fcnde Enter\u2019a bast\u0131ktan sonra, sistem yeniden ba\u015flar<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/p>\n

Kernel i\u00e7erisinden framebuffer deste\u011fini kapatmay\u0131 deneyin. E\u011fer bu yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmazsa, APM ve ACPI\u2019yi etkisizle\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n

13. After Hitting Return At The Grub Menu, The Screen Blanks Out<\/strong><\/p>\n

Durum<\/p>\n

Sistem y\u00fckleme boyunca Grub men\u00fcs\u00fcnde Enter\u2019a bast\u0131ktan sonra, ekran bo\u015f gelir. Fakat sistem cevap verir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, numlock \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapanabilir)<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/p>\n

framebuffer\u2019\u0131 kapat\u0131n (tipik olarak grub.conf dosyas\u0131ndan vga=XYZ kald\u0131r\u0131n) ve kernel yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z i\u00e7indeki i\u015flemci mimarisini kontrol edin.<\/p>\n

14. Failing To Boot Windows From a Second Harddrive<\/strong><\/p>\n

Durum<\/p>\n

Windows giri\u015fini se\u00e7tikten sonra, sistem herhangi ge\u00e7erli bir sebep olmadan y\u00fcklemeyi reddeder.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/p>\n

grub.conf i\u00e7indeki Windows giri\u015fini \u015fu \u015fekildeki gibi de\u011fi\u015ftirme yoluyla farkl\u0131 bir s\u0131ralama yaparak diskleri haritalama:<\/p>\n

title Windows XP
\nmap (hd0) (hd1)
\nmap (hd1) (hd0)
\nchainloader (hd1,0)+1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Grub hatalar\u0131n\u0131 bilirsiniz. Bazen yeni bir kurulum yapm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u0131zd\u0131r ya da sistem g\u00fcncellemi\u015fsinizdir. Bilgisayar\u0131 yeniden ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda hi\u00e7 beklemedi\u011finiz hatalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilirsiniz. Bu yaz\u0131da sizlere genel grub hatalar\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerini ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131 anlataca\u011f\u0131m.…Continue readingGrub Hatalar\u0131na Genel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/demirel.web.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/demirel.web.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/demirel.web.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/demirel.web.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/demirel.web.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=73"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/demirel.web.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":279,"href":"http:\/\/demirel.web.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73\/revisions\/279"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/demirel.web.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=73"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/demirel.web.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=73"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/demirel.web.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=73"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}